Appendix F 5 Binder Factor
The type of binder used in a sprayed seal effects the required application rate. The binder factor is applied to the Basic Binder Application Rate, to create a modified basic binder application rate, Bbm, which is calculated using Equation 7:
| Modified basic binder application rate, Bbm = Bb x BF (rounded to nearest 0.1 L/m²) | 7 | |||
| where | ||||
| Bb | = | basic binder application rate | ||
| BF | = | binder factor |
Table F 4: Binder factors for single/single seals
| Treatment type | Binder | Binder factor |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional seal | C170, C240, C320 | 1.0 |
| M500 | 1.1 | |
| Unmodified emulsion seal | Conventional emulsion (60%) | 1.0 |
| High bitumen content emulsion (≥ 67%) | 1.1 | |
| Modified emulsion seal | User binder factors below for the PMB that has been emulsified | |
| Aggregate retention (AR) | S35E | 1.0 |
| S10E | 1.1 | |
| High stress seal (HSS1) | S10E, S15E, S35E | 1.0 |
| S20E, S45R, S15RF | 1.1 | |
| Strain alleviating membrane (SAM) | S10E, S15E, S35E | 1.2 |
| S20E, S45R, S15RF | 1.3 | |
| Strain alleviating membrane interlayer (SAMI) | S25E | 1.6 |
Table F 5: Binder factors for double/double seals
| Treatment type | Binder | Binder factor(1) |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional seal | C170, C240, C320 | 1.0 |
| M500 | 1.1 | |
| Unmodified emulsion seal | Conventional emulsion (60%) | 1.0 |
| High bitumen content emulsion (≥ 67%) | 1.1 | |
| Modified emulsion seal | User binder factors below for the PMB that has been emulsified | |
| High stress seal (HSS2) | S10E, S15E, S35E | 1.0 |
| S20E, S45R, S15RF | 1.1 | |
| Extreme stress seal (XSS) | S20E | 1.1 |
| S45R, S15RF | 1.1 | |
| Strain alleviating membrane (SAM) | S10E, S15E, S35E, S20E | 1.1 |
| S45R, S15RF | 1.1 | |
- Under very heavy traffic conditions with high percentages of heavy vehicles these factors may be reduced by 0.1 but should not reduce the binder factor to less than 1.0.