4.6 Binders
Binder types used in sprayed seals include:
- conventional bitumen
- multigrade bitumen
- cutback bitumen
- bitumen emulsion
- foamed bitumen
- polymer modified binders
- elastomeric polymer types
- crumb rubber
- specialty binders (e.g. bitumen extended epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic).
A detailed guide to binder materials is provided in the Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4F: Bituminous Binders (Austroads 2017).