Road Safety
- Publication no: AGRS07-21
- ISBN: 978-1-922382-64-1
- Published: 16 July 2021
- Edition: 1.0
- PDF (free) Download
Austroads' Guide to Road Safety has been developed to provide an overview of road safety and road safety practices in Australia and New Zealand.
Part 7 is a guide to the process of road safety strategy development, management, evaluation and risk assessment. It outlines options for strategy development and details the value of a ‘vision’ in driving strategy development. It covers the stages of a strategy lifecycle, including problem analysis, countermeasure selection, target setting and safety performance indicators, development and implementation. It also details the importance of, and methods for, monitoring and evaluation.
The joint Australia and New Zealand Standard on risk management (AS/NZS ISO 31000:2018) is used as the basis and structure for an overview of risk assessment and management in the road safety network context. The issues of communication and consultation, establishing the context, identifying risks, analysing risks, evaluating risks, treating risks, and monitoring and review are discussed. Examples of risk in the road safety context are provided, including those relating to road trauma, legal risk, and risk from adverse public opinion. Case studies are provided to assist practitioners in the assessment and management of risks on their networks.
This guide also provides specific road safety management context sections for local government and regional and remote areas.
At the time of publication, the 2021-2030 National Road Safety Strategy has not yet been released. A future project will update this Guide so that it reflects the Strategy.
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Purpose of the Guide
- 1.2 Road Safety Strategies
- 1.3 Strategies for Different Levels of Government
- 1.4 Character and Benefits of a Road Safety Strategy
- 1.5 Developing a Road Safety Strategy
- 1.6 Guiding Principles
- 1.7 Critical Success Factors
- 2. Partnerships and Consultation
- 3. Problem Analysis
- 3.1 Problem Definition
- 3.2 Deeper Understanding of the Issues
- 3.3 General Measures
- 3.4 Changes in Population and Travel
- 3.5 Additional Data Sources
- 3.6 Public Opinion
- 3.7 Societal and Technology Changes
- 4. Countermeasure Selection
- 4.1 Conceptual Frameworks for Countermeasure Selection
- 4.2 Selection of Countermeasures
- 4.3 Legal Issues
- 4.4 Social and Economic Appraisals
- 4.5 Other Considerations
- 5. Target Setting and Safety Performance Indicators
- 5.1 Setting Road Safety Targets
- 5.2 Safety Performance Indicators
- 5.2.1 Casualty based indicators
- 5.2.2 Intermediate goals
- 6. Strategy and Action Plan Development
- 7. Implementation
- 7.1 Stakeholders
- 7.2 Financing the Road Safety Strategy
- 7.3 Implementation Plan
- 7.4 Reporting
- 8. Monitoring and Evaluation
- 8.1 Monitoring Actions and Targets
- 8.2 Process Evaluation
- 8.3 Outcome Evaluation
- 8.4 Responsibility for Monitoring and Evaluation
- 8.5 Relation to other Austroads Material Dealing with Evaluation
- 9. Introduction to Risk Assessment and Risk Management
- 9.1 Definitions
- 9.2 Principles of Risk Assessment and Risk Management
- 9.3 Aims and Benefits of Risk Management
- 9.4 Perception of Risk
- 9.5 Barriers to the Introduction of Risk Management
- 10. Principles of Risk Assessment and Risk Management
- 10.1 Principles
- 10.2 The Risk Management Process
- 10.2.1 Communication and consultation
- 10.2.2 Scope, context and criteria
- 10.2.3 Identify risks
- 10.2.4 Analyse risks
- 10.2.5 Evaluate risks
- 10.2.6 Treat risks
- 10.2.7 Monitor and review
- 11. Establishing the Context
- 11.1 Road Trauma
- 11.2 Legal Context
- 11.2.1 Australia
- 11.2.2 New Zealand
- 11.3 Public Opinion
- 12. Identifying Risks
- 12.1 Road Trauma
- 12.2 Legal Risk
- 12.3 Risk from Adverse Public Opinion
- 13. Analysing Risks
- 13.1 Sources of Data
- 13.2 Quantitative Approaches
- 13.3 Qualitative and Semi-qualitative Analysis
- 13.4 Data Quality and Integration
- 13.5 Cost Effective Data Collection
- 14. Evaluating and Prioritising Risks
- 14.1 Prioritising Risks
- 14.1.1 Evaluation based on historic data
- 14.1.2 Evaluation where there is little historic data
- 14.1.3 Comparison between risk types
- 14.2 Practical Examples
- 14.1 Prioritising Risks
- 15. The Treatment of Risk
- 16. Monitoring and Review
- 17. Risk Assessment and Management Case Studies
- 17.1 Victorian Safe System Transformation of Top 20 Roads
- 17.2 Queensland RISC Software Tool
- 17.2.1 Hazard identification
- 17.2.2 Risk analysis
- 17.2.3 Assessment of remedial measures
- 17.3 New South Wales Network Crash Rates
- 17.4 AusRAP – Road Protection Score
- 17.5 UK SafeNet
- 17.6 Main Roads WA CRASHtool
- 17.7 ALCAM
- 18. Local Government Context
- 18.1 Local Government Road Safety and Community
- 18.2 Strategic Role of Local Government
- 18.3 Local Government’s Duty of Care as a Road Authority
- 18.4 Direct Actions to Improve Road Safety through Councils’ Operations
- 18.4.1 Action as a road authority
- 18.4.2 Action as a planning authority
- 18.4.3 Action as an employer and fleet operator
- 18.5 Local Government and Community Road Safety Programs in the Context of the Safe System
- 18.6 Objectives of Community Road Safety
- 18.7 Requirements for Sustainable Community Action
- 18.8 Strategic Partnership and Capacity Building
- 18.9 Capacity Building and Social Capital Formation
- 18.9.1 The concepts
- 18.9.2 Application to social policy
- 18.10 Resources for Implementing a Road Safety Plan
- 18.11 Sources of Funding
- 18.12 Mobilising Resources
- 18.13 Implementation
- 18.14 Monitoring, Evaluation and Review
- 18.14.1 Process evaluation
- 18.14.2 Outcome evaluation and the challenge of small numbers
- 18.14.3 Assessment in the light of the full range of objectives
- 18.14.4 Program delivery outcomes
- 18.14.5 Human capital outcomes
- 18.14.6 Social capital outcomes
- 18.14.7 Social network analysis
- 18.14.8 Process evaluation
- 18.14.9 Towards a comprehensive evaluation process
- 18.15 Review
- 18.16 Communication and Reporting
- 18.16.1 Reports to council and to central authority
- 18.16.2 Communication with participants in the road safety program
- 18.16.3 Communication with the general public
- 18.16.4 Communication with other communities
- 19. Regional and Remote Areas
- 19.1 The Context
- 19.1.1 Defining regional and remote areas
- 19.1.2 Crashes in regional and remote areas
- 19.1.3 Crashes on regional and remote roads
- 19.1.4 Casualties on regional and remote roads
- 19.1.5 Summary of the regional and remote crash trends
- 19.1 The Context
- References
- Appendix A Haddon Matrix Conceptual Basis for Countermeasure Development
- Appendix B Detail of METS Modelling Approach to Target Setting
- Appendix C Detail of Swedish system-wide method for modelling road trauma
- Appendix D Managing Risk Associated with Road Users
- D.1 Entry to the System
- D.1.1 Fitness to drive
- D.1.2 Driving licences
- D.1.3 Licences for other vehicles
- D.2 Removal from the System
- D.2.1 Fitness to drive
- D.2.2 Serious and repeat offenders
- D.3 Emerging Possibilities
- D.3.1 Controlling access to the road system
- D.3.2 Eliminating possibilities for offending
- D.1 Entry to the System
- Appendix E Data Sources
- Appendix F Qualitative and Semi-Qualitative Analysis
- F.1 Risk Classification
- F.2 Fault and Success Trees
- F.3 Cause-consequence Diagram
- Appendix G Benefit Cost Analysis
- Appendix H Example Monitoring Databases
- H.1 New Zealand Crash Analysis System
- H.2 CMF Clearinghouse