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Cover of Safety Benefits of Cooperative ITS and Automated Driving in Australia and New Zealand
Safety Benefits of Cooperative ITS and Automated Driving in Australia and New Zealand
  • Publication no: AP-R551-17
  • ISBN: 978-1-925671-10-0
  • Published: 10 October 2017

Two rapidly developing technology areas, Cooperative Intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) and Automated Driving (AD) applications, are reputed to have a substantial impact on road trauma through the increased use of technology both to assist drivers with the driving task, as well as providing enhanced crash avoidance capabilities. This project aimed to identify emerging C-ITS and AD applications and assess their potential safety benefits for Australia and New Zealand.

A comprehensive literature review and expert consultation found that C-ITS and AD were predicted to have significant potential to reduce road crash risk and injury consequences, with estimates varying widely between studies.

Using an analysis of Australian serious injury real-world crashes, expert estimates were made of the potential effectiveness of the following light passenger vehicle applications, as well as estimates of the annual savings in serious injuries Australia and New Zealand-wide.

Despite the clear potential benefits, several limitations were found that will need to be addressed before widespread implementation becomes possible.

  • Summary
  • Project Aims and Method
  • Findings: Cooperative - ITS
  • Findings: Automated Driving
  • Findings: Human Factors (C-ITS and Automated Driving)
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Project Background
  • 2. Review Of C-ITS and Automated Driving Research
    • 2.1. Review Method
    • 2.2. Overview of C-ITS and Automated Driving
    • 2.3. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems
      • 2.3.1. Identification of Emerging C-ITS Applications
      • 2.3.2. Estimated Safety Benefits of C-ITS
      • 2.3.3. Predicted Deployment Timelines for C-ITS
    • 2.4. Automated Driving Technologies
      • 2.4.1. Identification of Emerging Automated Driving Applications
      • 2.4.2. Estimated Safety Benefits of Automated Driving Technology
      • 2.4.3. Predicted Deployment Timelines for Automated vehicles
    • 2.5. Human Factors Issues with C-ITS and Automated Driving
      • 2.5.1. Driver Overreliance (Automation Complacency)
      • 2.5.2. Adoption of Risky Driving Behaviours
      • 2.5.3. Driver Workload
      • 2.5.4. Driver Distraction
      • 2.5.5. Driver Acceptance
      • 2.5.6. Driver Trust
      • 2.5.7. Loss of Skill
      • 2.5.8. Regaining Manual Control
      • 2.5.9. HMI Issues
  • 3. Stakeholder Consultations
    • 3.1. Current C-ITS and AV Projects
    • 3.2. Applications with the Greatest Expected Safety Benefits
    • 3.3. Timelines to Deployment
    • 3.4. Implementation Challenges
  • 4. Estimation of Safety Benefits
    • 4.1. Methodology
      • 4.1.1. Real World Crash Data
      • 4.1.2. Evaluation and scoring method
    • 4.2. Crash Scenario Benefits
      • 4.2.1. Cooperative Forward Collision Warning
      • 4.2.2. Curve Speed Warning (V2I)
      • 4.2.3. Intersection Movement Assist
      • 4.2.4. Right Turn Assist
      • 4.2.5. Lane Keeping Assist
      • 4.2.6. Auto Emergency Braking
      • 4.2.7. Summary of real-world assessment
    • 4.3. Projected Benefits for Australia and New Zealand
      • 4.3.1. Cooperative Forward Collision Warning
      • 4.3.2. Curve Speed Warning (V2I)
      • 4.3.3. Intersection Movement Assist
      • 4.3.4. Right Turn Assist
      • 4.3.5. Lane Keeping Assist
      • 4.3.6. Auto Emergency Braking
      • 4.3.7. Summary of Australia and New Zealand-wide benefits
  • 5. Assumptions and Limitations
    • 5.1. Automated Driving
      • 5.1.1. Lane keep assist and AEB assumptions and limitations
      • 5.1.2. Automated Driving at SAE levels 3 and 4
    • 5.2. Cooperative-ITS
    • 5.3. Interpretation of results across both Connected and Automated Driving
  • 6. Conclusions
  • References
  • Appendix A Major International C-ITS Projects
Related publications
Webinar: Safety Benefits of Cooperative ITS and Automated Driving in Australia and New Zealand
WEB-R551-17
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