Road Design
- Publication no: AP-R188-01
- ISBN: 0 85588 591 2
- Published: 1 January 2001
- PDF (free) Download
The practice of full or part sealing shoulders on two-lane rural roads was originally introduced to reduce seal edge and shoulder maintenance costs, and to shift the seasonal edge moisture zone away from the outer wheel path. The practice has since been found to provide safety and travel time benefits to users. A review of Australian and international research and practices relevant to these benefits is documented. The findings from this review are used to formulate algorithms for estimating the effects of shoulder seals on crash rates, car free speeds, and the speed-flow relation. The results are presented in a format suitable for harmonised incorporation in the NIMPAC-type road project evaluation models. Alternatively, a stand-alone procedure for predicting user benefits from shoulder seals is provided.
- AP-R188/01 EFFECTS OF SEALED SHOULDERS ON ROAD USER COSTS
- Executive Summary
- Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. internation Practice
- 3. Review of User Benefits
- 4. Agency Benefits
- 5. parameters for NIMPAC-Type Models
- 6. Initial Quantification of User Benefits
- 7. Development of a Stand-Alone Procedure
- 8. Other Issues
- 9. Conclusions
- Glossary
- References
- Appendix A: Review of Research and Practice Relevant to Estimating the Effects of Shoulder Seals on User Costs
- Appendix B: Stand-Alone Procedure for Predicting User Benefits From Shoulder Seals