Pavement

The temperature sensitivity (K factor) of the ball penetration test is an important parameter in estimating the embedment allowance of the overlaying seal design. A series of ball penetration tests were performed in the laboratory to investigate the K factor. In general, the K factors measured in the laboratory were somewhat different to the K factors recommended by the standard for each different surfacing. The closest values were observed for the seal surfacings while the largest difference was observed from the primed granular surfacing. Different surface condition of a seal surfacing (good texture or flushed) appeared to have little impact on the K factor and penetration result.