Connected and Automated Vehicles
Minimum Physical Infrastructure Standard for the Operation of Automated Driving
- Publication no: AP-R665-22
- Published: 25 January 2022
- PDF (free) Download
These reports provide guidance on infrastructure investment to help transport agencies achieve timely, consistent and adequate infrastructure readiness for the operation of current and future automated vehicles.
Physical road infrastructure such as pavement markings and signals may have an important role to play to support the uptake of automated vehicles.
The guidance is provided in four reports:
- Part A provides road agencies with advice on the infrastructure investments required to support the operation of connected and automated vehicles
- Part B forecasts automated vehicle uptake
- Part C details potential investment options
- Part D assesses the economic feasibility of each investment option through rapid cost-benefit analysis.
The four reports can also be downloaded in a single file.
Watch a webinar with project manager Andrew Somers and report authors Simon Xue and Elnaz Irannezhad.
- Part A: Infrastructure Investment
- Summary
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Scope and Limitations
- 1.4 Structure of this Report
- 2. Project Methodology
- 2.1 Overview
- 2.2 Phase 1
- 2.3 Phase 2
- 2.4 Phase 3
- 2.5 Phase 4
- 3. Findings from Phases 1, 2 and 3
- 3.1 Future Driving Scenarios
- 3.2 Infrastructure Assessment
- 3.3 Economic Analysis
- 4. Advice on Investment Approach
- 4.1 Priority of Investment Options
- 4.2 Justifiable Amount of Investment
- 5. Insights and Recommendations
- 5.1 Insights and Learnings
- 5.2 Recommendations
- References
- Part B: Scenarios for Potential Availability and Usage of Different Levels and Types of Automated Driving
- Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Scope
- 1.4 Structure of this Report
- 2. Approach to Developing these Scenarios
- 2.1 Review of Existing Forecasts
- 3. Proposed Scenarios for Automated Driving Uptake
- 3.1 Our Method
- 4. Further Considerations and Dependencies
- References
- Part C Scenarios for Investment in Physical Road and Roadside Infrastructure
- Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Scope
- 1.4 Methodology
- 2. Context for the Investment Options
- 3. Approach to Developing Investment Options
- 4. Proposed Investment Options
- 4.1 Investment options on all road types
- 4.2 Motorways and urban highways
- 4.3 Urban arterial roads
- 4.4 Rural highways
- 5. Supporting Inputs
- 5.1 Literature Review
- 5.2 Expert and Stakeholder Inputs
- References
- Part D: Economic Analysis of Investment Options
- Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Scope, Exclusions and Limitations
- 1.4 Report Structure
- 2. Appraisal Approach
- 2.1 Economic Analysis Framework
- 2.2 Scale of Investment Analysis
- 3. Investment Options
- 3.1 Base Case and Project Case
- 4. Estimating Investment Costs
- 4.1 Cost Estimation Method
- 4.2 Cost Factors
- 4.3 Network Investment Cost
- 4.4 Estimating Incremental Investment Cost
- 5. Forecasts for Traffic Volume
- 5.1 Traffic Volume in the Base Year FY 2020–21
- 5.2 Traffic Volume Forecasts
- 6. Estimating Investment Benefits
- 6.1 Identifying Assessable Benefits
- 6.2 Impact on Traffic Volume and CAV Uptake
- 6.3 Benefit Assessed for Individual Investment Items
- 6.4 Safety (Crash Cost Savings)
- 6.5 Travel Time Saving
- 6.6 VOC Saving
- 6.7 Environmental Impacts
- 7. CBA Modelling
- 7.1 General Assumptions
- 7.2 Main Results and Commentary
- 7.3 Economic Value by Vehicle Type
- 7.4 Sensitivity Analysis
- 8. Real Options Assessment
- 9. Conclusion
- References
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