Bridges
Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Structures
- Publication no: AP-T07-00
- ISBN: 0 85588 576 9
- Published: 1 January 2000
- PDF (free) Download
Concrete is the dominant material of construction in the more than 12,000 bridges and major culverts managed by road authorities in Australia and New Zealand. With an ageing asset, concrete durability is becoming an increasingly significant issue for bridge owners. Corrosion damage to affected structures mainly results from chloride ingress and carbonation. While considerable work has been done in the field of service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures, the prediction theory has not been well established. The report reviews and discusses existing models for service life prediction, and provides a basis for future work in the area. A proposed strategy to address problems with existing techniques is presented.
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures
- 2.1. Causes of corrosion damage
- 2.2. Deterioration due to corrosion of reinforcement
- 2.3. End of service life
- 3. Service life prediction approaches
- 4. Initiation of carbonation induced corrosion
- 4.1. Carbonation mechanisms and processes
- 4.1.1. Diffusion of carbon-dioxide
- 4.1.2. Carbonation reactions
- 4.2. Mathematical models
- 4.2.1. General diffusion model
- 4.2.2. Simple diffusion model
- 4.2.3. Empirically modified models
- 4.2.4. Theoretically modified models
- 4.2.5. Other complicated mechanisms
- 4.3. Carbonation situation
- 4.3.1. Carbonation depth
- 4.3.2. pH threshold for corrosion
- 4.4. Prediction procedures
- 4.4.1. Determination of extent of carbonation
- 4.4.2. Selection of prediction models
- 4.4.3. Obtaining model parameters
- 5. Initiation of chloride induced corrosion
- 5.1. Ingress processes and mechanisms
- 5.1.1. Ingress and transport of chloride in concrete
- 5.1.2. Binding of chloride in concrete
- 5.2. Mathematical models
- 5.2.1. Simple diffusion model
- 5.2.2. Diffusion-binding model
- 5.2.3. Multi-transport-mechanism models
- 5.2.4. Complicated models
- 5.2.5. Empirical models
- 5.3. Threshold concentration of chloride
- 5.4. Prediction techniques
- 5.4.1. Chloride profile
- 5.4.2. Selection of models
- 5.4.3. Relevant parameters
- 6. Corrosion propagation of reinforcing steel
- 6.1. Corrosion processes and mechanisms
- 6.2. Critical corrosion amount
- 6.3. Prediction models
- 6.3.1. Simple extrapolation
- 6.3.2. Diffusion controlled model
- 6.3.3. Laboratory simulation models
- 6.3.4. Empirical prediction models
- 6.4. Prediction procedures
- 6.4.1. Reconfirmation of deterioration stage
- 6.4.2. Estimation of corrosion rate
- 6.4.3. Determination of the present corrosion state
- 6.4.4. Selection of prediction models
- 7. Concluding Remarks
- 7.1. Methodology of service life prediction
- 7.2. Problems to be solved
- 8. References
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