Bridges
Higher Order Bridge Assessment in Australia
- Publication no: AP-R582-18
- ISBN: 978-1-925671-76-6
- Published: 24 September 2018
- PDF (free) Download
This report documents the options and methodologies available to conduct higher order assessments of existing bridges which are encouraged by but not currently defined by the new AS 5100.7.
This was achieved by investigating the current international state of the art practice through a literature review and the review of Australian practice comprising a literature review and surveys of the state road agencies. From the investigation, a framework was prepared that can provide guidance on when and where higher order assessments are appropriate and the relative benefits and costs of higher order assessment options.
The proposed framework for bridge assessment in Australia focussed on three tiers of assessment with a specific flow chart to assist with the decision making process to elevate to successively higher tiers of assessment. Within this framework, Tier 3 investigation techniques were documented in relation to the advantages, disadvantages, limitations, appropriateness for given situations, order of magnitude cost estimates and potential outcomes.
- Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose
- 1.3 Scope
- 2. Australian Approach to Bridge Assessment
- 2.1 Bridge Assessment Approaches
- 2.1.1 NHVR Assessment Tiers
- 2.1.2 Bridge Asset Owners Tiers of Assessment
- 2.1.3 Relativity between PBS and Bridge Asset Owners Tiers of Assessment
- 2.2 Current Australian Standard Guidance on Assessment of Existing Bridges
- 2.2.1 AS 5100 Australian Bridge Design Code
- 2.2.2 AS ISO 13822: Basis for Design of Structures: Assessment of Existing Structures
- 2.2.3 AS 5104: General Principles on Reliability for Structures
- 2.3 Current Australian Bridge Assessment Practice
- 2.3.1 Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR)
- 2.3.2 Roads and Maritime Services New South Wales (Roads and Maritime)
- 2.3.3 VicRoads
- 2.3.4 Main Roads Western Australia (MRWA)
- 2.3.5 Department of State Growth Tasmania (DSG)
- 2.3.6 Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure South Australia (DPTI)
- 2.3.7 Summary of Australian Practice
- 2.1 Bridge Assessment Approaches
- 3. International Approaches to Bridge Assessment
- 3.1 New Zealand Transport Agency
- 3.1.1 Overview
- 3.1.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.2 USA
- 3.2.1 Overview
- 3.2.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.3 Canada
- 3.3.1 Overview
- 3.3.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.4 United Kingdom
- 3.4.1 Overview
- 3.4.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.5 Switzerland
- 3.5.1 Overview
- 3.5.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.6 Germany
- 3.6.1 Overview
- 3.6.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.7 The Netherlands
- 3.7.1 Overview
- 3.7.2 Special Considerations and Deviations from Code
- 3.8 Other Notable Guidelines/Codes
- 3.8.1 Austria
- 3.8.2 South Korea
- 3.8.3 France
- 3.8.4 Eurocodes – EN 1990 and EN 1991-2
- 3.8.5 fib Model Code for Concrete Structures (2010)
- 3.9 Summary of International Practice
- 3.1 New Zealand Transport Agency
- 4. Gap Analysis for Tier 3 Assessment Practices
- 4.1 Tiered Approach to Bridge Assessment
- 4.2 Bridge Design vs. Bridge Assessment
- 4.3 Analytical Modelling of Structures
- 4.4 Detailed Theoretical Methodologies of Assessment
- 4.4.1 Compressive Membrane Action
- 4.4.2 Shear in Concrete
- 4.5 Consideration of Redundancy
- 4.6 Structural Reliability and Probabilistic Methods
- 4.7 Live Load Modelling and Use of WIM Data
- 4.8 Code Calibration
- 5. Framework for Tiers of Assessment
- 5.1 Framework Introduction
- 5.2 Basis of Bridge Assessment
- 5.3 Tiers of Assessment Definitions
- 5.3.1 Tier 1 Bridge Asset Owner Assessment
- 5.3.2 Tier 2 Bridge Asset Owner Assessment
- 5.3.3 Tier 3 Bridge Asset Owner Assessment
- 5.4 Flow Chart of Assessment Decision-making Process
- 5.5 Tier 3 Testing Investigation Matrices
- 5.6 Critical Issues in the Selection of Useful Tier 3 Methods
- 5.6.1 An Incremental Approach – Evaluating Cost vs Potential Outcome
- 5.6.2 Extrapolation of Results
- 5.6.3 Statistical Significance of Results
- 5.6.4 Network or Bridge Family Applicability
- 5.6.5 Combinations of Results
- 6. Conclusions
- 7. Recommended Future Direction of Tier 3 Assessment in Australia
- 7.1 Reliability Assessment and Code Calibration
- 7.2 Australian Guide to Bridge Assessment
- 7.3 Other Identified Investigation Areas
- References
- Appendix A Asset Owner Survey 1
- A.1 Introduction
- A.2 Survey and Response
- A.3 Documentation of Bridge Assessment Procedures
- A.4 Tiered Approach to Assessment
- A.4.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.4.2 TMR Comment
- A.4.3 MRWA Comment
- A.4.4 NZTA Comment
- A.5 Higher Order Assessments: Procedures and Methods
- A.5.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.5.2 TMR Comment
- A.5.3 DSG Comment
- A.5.4 DPTI comment
- A.5.5 MRWA Comment
- A.5.6 NZTA Comment
- A.5.7 Roads and Maritime Comment
- A.6 Higher Order Assessments: Initiation of Assessment
- A.6.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.6.2 TMR Comment
- A.6.3 DSG Comment
- A.6.4 DPTI Comment
- A.6.5 NZTA Comment
- A.6.6 Roads and Maritime Comment
- A.7 Higher Order Assessments: Finalising Assessment
- A.7.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.7.2 TMR Comment
- A.7.3 DSG Comment
- A.7.4 DPTI Comment
- A.7.5 NZTA Comment
- A.8 Higher Order Assessments: Strengthening
- A.8.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.8.2 TMR Comment
- A.8.3 DSG Comment
- A.8.4 DPTI Comment
- A.8.5 NZTA Comment
- A.8.6 Roads and Maritime Comment
- A.9 Higher Order Assessments: Time and Cost
- A.10 Higher Order Assessments: Load Factors
- A.10.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.10.2 TMR Comment
- A.10.3 DSG Comment
- A.10.4 DPTI Comment
- A.10.5 MRWA Comment
- A.10.6 NZTA Comment
- A.10.7 Roads and Maritime Comment
- A.11 Higher Order Assessments: Load Factors
- A.11.1 VicRoads Comment
- A.11.2 TMR Comment
- A.11.3 DSG Comment
- A.11.4 DPTI Comment
- A.11.5 MRWA Comment
- A.11.6 NZTA Comment
- A.12 Reliability Analysis and Probabilistic Modelling
- A.13 Shear Critical Structures
- A.14 Ductility and Redundancy
- A.15 Differentiating between Access Approvals and Strengthening
- A.16 Remaining Service Life
- A.17 Priority of Activities
- A.18 Additional Comments
- Appendix B Asset Owner Survey 2
- B.1 Questionnaire
- B.2 FEA and Other Techniques
- B.2.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.2.2 NZTA
- B.2.3 DPTI
- B.2.4 MRWA
- B.2.5 VicRoads
- B.2.6 DSG
- B.2.7 TMR
- B.3 NDT/DT Calibration of Material Variables
- B.3.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.3.2 NZTA
- B.3.3 DPTI
- B.3.4 MRWA
- B.3.5 VicRoads
- B.3.6 DSG
- B.3.7 TMR
- B.4 IRI and DLA Correlation
- B.4.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.4.2 NZTA
- B.4.3 DPTI
- B.4.4 MRWA
- B.4.5 VicRoads
- B.4.6 DSG
- B.4.7 TMR
- B.5 Non-Australian Design Codes
- B.5.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.5.2 NZTA
- B.5.3 DPTI
- B.5.4 MRWA
- B.5.5 VicRoads
- B.5.6 DSG
- B.5.7 TMR
- B.6 Australian Standards beyond AS 5100 Set
- B.6.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.6.2 NZTA
- B.6.3 DPTI
- B.6.4 MRWA
- B.6.5 VicRoads
- B.6.6 DSG
- B.6.7 TMR
- B.7 Proof and Test Loading
- B.7.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.7.2 NZTA
- B.7.3 DPTI
- B.7.4 MRWA
- B.7.5 VicRoads
- B.7.6 DSG
- B.7.7 TMR
- B.8 Static and Superimposed Load Modification
- B.8.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.8.2 NZTA
- B.8.3 DPTI
- B.8.4 MRWA
- B.8.5 VicRoads
- B.8.6 DSG
- B.8.7 TMR
- B.9 WIM and Weight Station Data
- B.9.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.9.2 NZTA
- B.9.3 DPTI
- B.9.4 MRWA
- B.9.5 VicRoads
- B.9.6 DSG
- B.9.7 TMR
- B.10 Probabilistic Factor Modifications
- B.10.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.10.2 NZTA
- B.10.3 DPTI
- B.10.4 MRWA
- B.10.5 VicRoads
- B.10.6 TMR
- B.11 Recognising Redundancy
- B.11.1 Roads and Maritime
- B.11.2 NZTA
- B.11.3 DPTI
- B.11.4 MRWA
- B.11.5 VicRoads
- B.11.6 DSG
- B.11.7 TMR
- B.12 Overarching Themes
- B.13 Suggestions for Moving Forward
- B.13.1 NZTA
- B.13.2 DPTI
- B.13.3 DSG
- Glossary
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