Bridges
Review of AS 5100.7 Rating of Existing Bridges and the Bridge Assessment Group Guidelines
- Publication no: AP-R452-14
- ISBN: 978-1-925037-50-0
- Published: 20 February 2014
- PDF (free) Download
There is significant pressure in Australia to improve freight productivity through the national reform agenda. A key component of the reform plan is to improve access to the road network for heavy vehicle operators. Assessment of bridge capacity is perceived to be critical to this aim. This project reviewed the current Australian Standard Bridge Design AS 5100.7: Rating of existing bridges (2004) and the BAG (Bridge Assessment Group) Guidelines for bridge load capacity assessment (1997) which are currently the principal documents for detailed bridge capacity assessment. With the current code review of AS 5100.7 underway, this report, and proposed code clauses, contributes to the code review as a direct input into the revision process.
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Background
- 1.1.1. Future Growth of Traffic or Future Deterioration
- 1.2. Aims
- 1.3. Scope
- 1.4. Outline
- 1.1. Scope
- 1.2. General
- 2. Background of AS 5100.7 and BAG guidelines
- 2.1. History and Background of AS 5100.7
- 2.2. History and Background of BAG Guidelines
- 3. Rating Philosophy/Methodology
- 3.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 3.2. BAG Guidelines
- 3.3. Jurisdictional Approaches
- 3.3.1. TMR
- 3.3.2. MRWA
- 3.4. Discussion
- 3.5. Recommendations
- 4. Analysis Approach
- 4.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 4.2. BAG Guidelines
- 4.2.1. Concrete Deck on Steel Box Girders
- 4.2.2. Prestressed Concrete Spread Box Beams
- 4.2.1. Ultimate Limit States
- 4.2.2. Serviceability Limit States
- 4.2.3. Fatigue Limit State
- 4.3. Review of Australian Literature
- 4.4. Jurisdictional Survey
- 4.4.1. TMR
- 4.4.2. MRWA
- 4.5. Discussion
- 4.6. Recommendations
- 4.7. Future Work
- 4.1. General
- 4.2. Limit States
- 4.3. Rating Equation
- 4.4. Critical Sections for Analysis
- 4.5. Analysis Methods
- 4.6. Recording Assumptions and Results
- 5. Reference Vehicles and Approach to Bridge Evaluation
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Summary of Current AS 5100.7 Provisions
- 5.3. BAG Reference Vehicles
- 5.4. Review of Previous Australian Codes
- 5.4.1. Evaluation Vehicles
- 5.4.2. Design Vehicles
- 5.5. Jurisdictional Survey
- 5.5.1. TMR
- 5.5.2. MRWA
- 5.6. Discussion
- 5.7. Recommendations
- 5.1. General
- 5.2. Concrete and Pre-stressed Concrete Member Capacity
- 5.3. Steel Member Capacity
- 5.4. Timber Member Capacity
- 5.5. Condition
- 5.6. Desktop Assessment
- 5.7. Field Measurement of Geometry
- 5.8. Material Strengths
- 5.9. Review of Original Construction Documents
- 5.10. Mill Certificates
- 5.11. Analysis of Tests or Samples
- 5.11.1. Prestressing Steel
- 5.11.2. Deteriorated Concrete
- 5.12. Strength Based on Date of Construction
- 5.12.1. Steel Reinforcement
- 5.12.2. Stressing Strands
- 5.12.3. Concrete
- 5.12.4. Rivets
- 6. Background for the Development of Route Classes
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Current Axle Mass Limits
- 6.2.1. General Mass Limits (GML)
- 6.2.2. Concessional Mass Limits (CML)
- 6.2.3. Higher Mass Limits (HML)
- 6.3. PBS Scheme Route Classifications
- 6.4. Review of Australian Literature
- 6.5. Jurisdictional Approach
- 6.5.1. TMR
- 6.5.2. DPTI
- 6.6. Discussion
- 6.6.1. Current Bridge Capacities and Design Vehicles
- 6.7. Recommendations
- 6.8. Future Work
- 6.1. General
- 6.2. Dead Load and Superimposed Dead Load
- 6.3. Dead Load Distribution
- 6.4. Earth Pressure and Hydrostatic Pressure
- 6.5. Secondary Effects from Prestressing
- 7. Live Load Factor and Accompanying Lane Factor (General Traffic)
- 7.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 7.1.1. Live Load Factor (LLF)
- 7.1.2. Accompanying Lane Factor (ALF)
- 7.2. BAG Guidelines
- 7.2.1. Live Load Factor (LLF)
- 7.2.2. Accompanying Lane Factor
- 7.3. Current Jurisdictional Practice
- 7.4. Review of Australian Literature
- 7.5. Review and Analysis of WIM Records
- 7.5.1. Background
- 7.5.2. Analysis Methodology and Sample Results
- 7.5.3. Results
- 7.6. Jurisdictional Recommendations
- 7.7. Discussion
- 7.8. Recommendations
- 7.8.1. Live Load Factor
- 7.8.2. Accompanying Lane Factor (ALF)
- 7.9. Future Work
- 7.9.1. Live Load Factor
- 7.9.2. Associated Lane Factor
- 7.1. General
- 7.2. Nominated Rating Vehicles
- 7.3. Co-existing Vehicles
- 7.4. Vehicle Positioning
- 7.5. Compliance and Conformity for Mass, Speed and Position Restrictions
- 7.6. Accompanying Lane Factor
- 7.7. Dynamic Load Allowance
- 8. Live Load Factor and Accompanying Lane Factor (Permit Traffic)
- 8.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 8.2. Review of Australian Literature
- 8.3. Jurisdictional Survey
- 8.4. Discussion
- 8.4.1. Austroads Bridge Technology Task Force (BTF) Meeting
- 8.5. Recommendations for Live Load Factor
- 8.6. Future Work
- 8.1. General
- 8.2. Footpath Loading
- 8.3. Wind Loads
- 8.4. Temperature Effects
- 8.5. Secondary Effects
- 8.6. Shrinkage, Creep, Differential or Foundation Settlement and Bearing Friction (Excluding Prestressing)
- 8.7. Exceptional Loads
- 9. Dynamic Load Allowance Factor
- 9.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 9.2. BAG Guidelines
- 9.3. Review of Australian Literature
- 9.4. Jurisdictional Survey and Results
- 9.4.1. BTF Meeting
- 9.5. Recommendations
- 9.6. Future Work
- 9.1. General
- 9.2. Serviceability Limit States
- 9.3. Ultimate Limit States
- 10. Material Resistance Estimation and Associated Factors
- 10.1. Summary of Current Provisions
- 10.2. BAG Guidelines
- 10.3. TMR
- 10.4. Recommendations
- 10.1. Special Criteria for Rivets and Bolts
- 11. Other Australian Standard Modifications
- 11.1. Calibration and Accuracy of the Analytical Model
- 11.1.1. Current Provisions
- 11.1.2. BAG Guidelines
- 11.1.3. Discussion
- 11.1.4. Recommendations
- 11.2. Modification of Live Load Factor
- 11.2.1. Current Provisions
- 11.2.2. Discussion
- 11.2.3. Recommendations
- 11.2.4. Future Work
- 11.3. Co-existing Vehicles
- 11.3.1. Current Provisions
- 11.3.2. Survey Information
- 11.3.3. Discussion
- 11.3.4. Recommendations
- 11.4. Positioning of Accompanying Vehicles
- 11.4.1. Current Provisions
- 11.4.2. BAG Guidelines
- 11.4.3. TMR
- 11.4.4. RMS
- 11.4.5. BTF Meeting
- 11.4.6. Recommendations
- 11.5. Current AS 5100.7 Appendix
- 11.5.1. Recommendations
- 11.6. Structural Condition
- 11.6.1. Current Provisions
- 11.6.2. BAG Guidelines
- 11.6.3. Recommendations
- 11.1. General
- 11.2. Modification of the Analytical Model Through Proof Load Testing
- 11.3. Modification of Live Load Factors Based on Probability of Overloading
- 11.4. Modification of Dynamic Load Allowance Based on Testing
- 11.5. Rating Using Health Monitoring
- References
- Appendix A Bridge Assessment Group Guidelines 97
- A.1 Use of Australian Bridge Design Code
- A.2 Application
- A.3 Structural Inspection
- A.4 Bridges with No Drawings
- A.5 Live Load Configurations
- A.5.1 Six Axle Prime Mover and Semi-trailer Combination
- A.5.2 Nine Axle B-double
- A.5.3 Road Trains
- A.6 Multiple Presence Factors
- A.7 Tolerances
- A.8 Load Factors
- A.8.1 Live Load
- A.8.2 Superimposed Dead Loads
- A.9 Member Strengths and Member Sizes
- A.10 Capacity Reduction Factors
- A.11 Bridge Substructure Consideration
- A.12 Load Distribution
- A.13 Dynamic Load Allowance Factors
- A.14 Road Friendly Suspensions
- A.15 Marked Lanes vs Design Lanes
- A.16 Culverts
- A.17 Criteria for Structural Concrete
- A.18 Acceptance Criteria
- Appendix B WIM data distribution
- B.1 Qld WIM Data Distribution
- Appendix C Proposed AS 5100.7 clauses
- PREFACE
- 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
- 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
- 3. NOTATION
- 4. RATING PROCEDURE
- 5. ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
- 6. ASSESSMENT OF PERMANENT LOADS
- 7. ASSESSMENT OF VEHICLE LIVE LOADS
- 8. ASSESSMENT OF OTHER LOADS
- 9. LOAD FACTORS
- 10. FATIGUE
- 11. SITE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATION OF BRIDGE RATING PARAMETERS
- 12. STATIC LOAD TESTING
- 12.1. General
- 12.2. Static Load Testing Options
- 12.3. Destructive Testing
- 12.3.1. General
- 12.3.2. Evaluation of Destructive Test Results
- 12.4. Static Proof Load Testing
- 12.4.1. General
- 12.4.2. Evaluation of Static Proof Load Testing Results
- 12.4.3. Rated Load From Proof Load Testing
- 12.5. Static Performance Load Testing
- 12.5.1. General
- 12.5.2. Evaluation of Static Performance Load Test Results
- COMMENTARY Clauses
- ROAD AND RAIL TRAFFIC DESIGN LOADS FROM PREVIOUS AUSTRALIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CODE, AUSTROADS CODES, ANZRC AND AREA
- A1 GENERAL
- A2 ROAD TRAFFIC DESIGN LOAD
- A2.1 General
- A2.2 1992 Austroads Bridge Design Code and 1996 HB 77.2: Design live load
- A2.3 1976 NAASRA: Design live load
- A2.4 1970 Bridge Design Specification (metric version, 1973): Design live load
- A3 RAILWAY TRAFFIC: DESIGN LOAD
- A3.1 General
- A3.2 1996 Australian Bridge Design Code
- A3.3 1974 Australian and New Zealand Railway Conferences, Railway Bridge Design Manual
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