Asset Management
Update of Vehicle/Road Relationships Underpinning Road User Costs and Externality Costs
- Publication no: AP-T189-11
- ISBN: 978-1-921991-02-8
- Published: 7 October 2011
- PDF (free) Download
This publication reviews current methodologies for estimating vehicle operating costs (VOC). Recent Austroads work (TP1349) highlighted the need to improve the VOC-road roughness relationship. This report achieves this by conducting a literature review of overseas and local models and establishes if overseas models and recent Australasian work have improved the link between VOC and road roughness.
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. Project Background
- 1.2. Scope of the Report and Aims
- 2. OVERVIEW OF VOC – ROAD ROUGHNESS STUDIES
- 2.1. VOC Components
- 2.2. Concept of Road Roughness
- 2.3. Measures of Roughness
- 2.3.1. Present Serviceability Rating (PSR)
- 2.3.2. International Roughness Index (IRI)
- 2.3.3. NAASRA Roughness Meter (NRM)
- 2.3.4. Other Measures and Units
- 2.4. Evolution and History
- 2.4.1. Evolution and History of the VOC-roughness Relationship
- 2.4.2. Australian Harmonisation Process
- 2.5. Overview of International Practice
- 2.5.1. Empirical Studies of VOC-roughness Relationship
- 2.5.2. Other Influences on VOC
- 2.6. Literature Review Summary
- 3. FUEL CONSUMPTION – ROUGHNESS: MODELLING APPROACHES
- 3.1. Multivariate Regression Techniques
- 3.1.1. Functional Form
- 3.1.2. Empirical Findings
- 3.2. NIMPAC Models and Mechanistic Models
- 3.2.1. Functional Form
- 3.2.2. Assessment of Modelling Approaches
- 3.3. Empirical Findings of Mechanistic Models
- 3.3.1. Effect of Roughness – Constant Speed
- 3.3.2. Effect of Roughness – Variable Speed
- 3.4. Recent Efforts on Harmonisation in Australia
- 3.4.1. Harmonisation in Fuel Consumption Models
- 3.5. Summary and Modelling Considerations for Australia
- 3.5.1. Summary of Findings
- 3.5.2. Modelling Considerations for Australia
- 4. REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE – ROUGHNESS: MODELLING APPROACHES
- 4.1. Modelling Approaches
- 4.1.1. NIMPAC Models
- 4.1.2. HDM Models
- 4.1.3. HDM-C Model
- 4.2. Overseas Empirical Findings
- 4.2.1. Light Vehicles
- 4.2.2. Heavy Vehicles
- 4.3. Australian Experience
- 4.3.1. Earlier Study
- 4.3.2. Recent Australian Study
- 4.4. New Zealand Study
- 4.4.1. Light Vehicles
- 4.4.2. Heavy Vehicles
- 4.5. Recent Harmonisation Efforts in Australia
- 4.6. Summary and Modelling Considerations for Australia
- 4.6.1. Summary of Findings
- 4.6.2. Modelling Considerations for Australia
- 5. ROUGHNESS AND OTHER VOC COMPONENTS
- 5.1. Tyre Wear
- 5.1.1. Modelling Approaches
- 5.1.2. Overseas Empirical Findings
- 5.1.3. Australian Study
- 5.1.4. Recent Australian Work on Harmonisation
- 5.2. Lubricating Oil
- 5.2.1. Modelling Approaches
- 5.2.2. Modelling Findings: Australia
- 5.2.3. Recent Australian Work on Harmonisation
- 5.3. Vehicle Depreciation
- 5.4. NIMPAC Variations
- 5.5. Summary and Modelling Considerations
- 5.5.1. Modelling Considerations for Australia
- 6. THE WAY FORWARD
- 6.1. Future Steps
- REFERENCES
- APPENDIX A BASE VEHICLE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
- APPENDIX B MIRIAM – RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
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