Asset Management
Harmonisation of Pavement Markings and National Pavement Marking Specification
- Publication no: AP-R578-18
- ISBN: 978-1-925671-72-8
- Published: 27 August 2018
- PDF (free) Download
Pavement markings constitute a key element of safe system infrastructure. They are a significant road asset of interest to all road users. There are variations in road agency practice with respect to longitudinal and transverse linemarking types and widths and other pavement markings; as a result, many do not comply with Australian Standard AS 1742.2:2009.
Specifications for pavement markings and materials differ between jurisdictions and the intervention levels for the replacement/remarking of pavement markings also differ. There is a strong need for harmonised performance based specifications/design criteria for pavement. The development of a harmonised performance-based specification for linemarkings has been on the agenda for the Austroads Road Authority Pavement Markings Group for several years.
This report documents a project undertaken to achieve national harmonisation through the development of national performance specification/criteria for pavement markings. The project investigated:
- longitudinal and transverse linemarking types and widths and other pavement markings used by different road agencies (States and Territories) with the aim of harmonising them as far as practical
- road agency pavement marking specifications in order to develop a national performance specification for pavement markings.
Emphasis in this project was the harmonisation of the widths and specifications of stop lines, give-way lines, turns, pedestrian cross walk lines, dividing lines for multi-lane roads, tram lines, pavement arrows, pavement letters, audio-tactile line markings and wide centreline treatments.
- Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Purpose of the Project
- 1.3 Objectives
- 1.4 Relevant Groups
- 1.5 Outcomes of Years 1 and 2 of the Project
- 2. Overview of Current Practice to Harmonise Linemarkings
- 2.1 Current Standards for Selected Linemarkings
- 2.1.1 Longitudinal Lines
- 2.1.2 Stop Lines
- 2.1.3 Give-way Lines
- 2.1.4 Turn Lines
- 2.1.5 Pedestrian Cross-walk Lines
- 2.1.6 Dividing Lines on Multi-lane Roads
- 2.1.7 Continuity Lines
- 2.1.8 Tram, Tramway and Transverse Lines
- 2.1.9 Audio-tactile Linemarkings
- 2.1.10 Wide-centreline Treatments
- 2.1.11 Pavement Arrows
- 2.1.12 Pavement Letters and Numerals
- 2.1.13 Bike Paths/Shared Paths
- 2.2 Harmonised Linemarking Practice
- 2.1 Current Standards for Selected Linemarkings
- 3. Current Linemarking Practice in Australia
- 3.1 Methodology
- 3.1.1 Survey Participants
- 3.1.2 Survey Questions
- 3.2 Preliminary Results from each Agency
- 3.2.1 Summary of Responses to Question 1–9 and 12–14
- 3.2.2 Summary of Responses – ATLM Installation Methods
- 3.2.3 Summary of Responses – Maintenance of ATLM
- 3.1 Methodology
- 4. Agreed Harmonisation of Good Practice
- 4.1 Preferred Approaches to Linemarking Practice
- 4.1.1 Stop and Give-way Lines
- 4.1.2 Optional Broken Turn Line
- 4.1.3 Turn Lines
- 4.1.4 Pedestrian Crosswalk Guidelines
- 4.1.5 Replacement of Dividing Lines for Multi-lane Roads
- 4.1.6 Tram, Tramway and Transverse Lines
- 4.1.7 Audio-tactile Linemarkings (ATLM)
- 4.1.8 Wide-centrelines Treatments (WCLT)
- 4.1.9 Pavement Arrows
- 4.1.10 Pavement Letters and Numerals
- 4.1.11 Bike Paths/Shared Paths
- 4.2 Justification for the Move to Preferred Markings
- 4.2.1 Proposed Line Types
- 4.2.2 Stop and Give-way Lines
- 4.2.3 Turn Lines
- 4.2.4 Pedestrian Cross-walk Lines
- 4.2.5 Replacement of Dividing Lines for Multi-lane Roads in Urban Areas
- 4.2.6 Tram, Tramway and Transverse Lines
- 4.2.7 Audio-tactile Linemarkings
- 4.2.8 Wide-centreline Treatments
- 4.2.9 Pavement Arrows
- 4.2.10 Pavement Letters and Numerals
- 4.2.11 Bike Paths/Shared Paths
- 4.2.12 Other Line Types
- 4.3 Agreed Approaches
- 4.4 ATLM Experimental Testing
- 4.4.1 Northern Territory
- 4.4.2 Victoria
- 4.4.3 New South Wales
- 4.4.4 Western Australia
- 4.1 Preferred Approaches to Linemarking Practice
- 5. Conclusions and Recommendations
- 5.1 Criteria of Clauses
- 5.2 Challenges to Achieving a National Specification
- 5.3 Development of Requirements
- 5.4 Further Work with Standards Australia
- 5.5 Where to Next?
- References
- Appendix A Roads Australia Report on Technical Specifications and Procurement
- A.1 Key Recommendations and Actions
- A.1.1 Recommendation 1
- A.1.2 Recommendation 2
- A.1.3 Recommendation 3
- A.1.4 Recommendation 4
- A.1.5 Recommendation 5
- A.1.6 Recommendation 6
- Appendix B Specifications and Drawings
- B.1 South Australia
- B.2 Queensland
- B.3 Western Australia
- B.3.1 Audio-tactile Trial (York-Merrdein Road)
- B.4 Victoria
- B.5 New South Wales
- B.5.1 Audio-tactile Linemarkings
- Appendix C International Review of Audio-tactile Linemarkings
- C.1 Introduction
- C.1.1 Purpose
- C.1.2 Background
- C.1.3 Terminology
- C.2 New Zealand
- C.2.1 Maintenance of Audio-tactile Profiled Road Markings
- C.2.2 Cleaning ATP Road Markings
- C.2.3 Removal, Reinstatement and Reseals
- C.2.4 Renewal and Replacement
- C.2.5 Product Materials Used for ATP Road Markings
- C.3 United States of America
- C.3.1 Milled Rumble Strips
- C.3.2 General Maintenance
- C.3.3 Maintenance of Rumble Strips During Pavement Maintenance
- C.3.4 National Cooperative Highway Research Program Maintenance Survey Results
- C.3.5 Mitigating Adverse Effects
- C.3.6 Raised Rumble Strips
- C.3.7 Issues Arising from Snow-Ploughing
- C.3.8 Raised Pavement Markers (RPM)
- C.3.9 Use of Thermoplastics
- C.3.10 Thermoplastics Cracking in Cold Climates
- C.3.11 Use of Snow-ploughable Raised Pavement Markers (SRMP)
- C.3.12 Expected Lifetime Method of Maintenance
- C.3.13 Inspection Method of Maintenance
- C.4 Canada
- C.4.1 Shoulder Rumble Strip Maintenance Guidelines
- C.4.2 Centreline Rumble Strip Guidelines
- C.5 Norway
- C.5.1 Auditory and Vibratory Devices to Prevent Involuntary Lane Departure
- C.5.2 Enhanced Road Markings
- C.5.3 Evaluation of Reinforced Centreline Markings
- C.6 Germany
- C.6.1 Impact of Milled Shoulder Rumble Strips on Crash Prevention
- C.7 Austria
- C.7.1 Practices for Rumble Strip Use
- C.7.2 Use of Rumble Strips at Level Crossings
- C.8 Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR)
- C.8.1 Maintenance of Shoulder Rumble Strips
- C.8.2 Practices in other CEDR Member Countries
- C.9 Scotland
- C.10 Netherlands
- C.10.1 Road Maintenance Strategy of Rijkswaterstaat, Bureau voor den Waterstaat, Dutch Ministry of
- C.11 Hong Kong
- C.11.1 Removal of Thermoplastic Road Markings
- C.11.2 Masking of Thermoplastic Road Markings
- C.11.3 Re-painting of Thermoplastic Road Markings
- C.11.4 Common Defects with Thermoplastic Road Markings
- C.12 Sweden
- C.12.1 Materials for Approval for Use as Road Markings
- C.12.2 Maintenance
- C.13 Belgium
- C.13.1 Assessing Acoustic Properties
- C.14 Conclusions
- C.14.1 Broad International Findings
- C.15 References
- C.1 Introduction
- Appendix D Draft National Specification for Longitudinal Pavement Marking
- Glossary of Terms
- Acronyms
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